Kakapo
The Divided Countries
Data study

The Divided Countries

In South Africa, the town of Queenstown scores 85/100 for safety while Johannesburg scores 41 — a 44-point gap inside one country. These are the nations where "is it safe?" has no single answer, because one city is calm and another quite unsafe, often a domestic flight apart.

Key findings — free to cite

Ask "is South Africa safe?" and there is no honest single answer: the seaside town of Queenstown scores 85/100 while Johannesburg scores just 41 — a 44-point gulf inside one set of borders, the widest city-to-city safety spread of any country we track.

  • The country is the wrong unit for a safety question. In the most divided countries, one major city is genuinely calm and another is genuinely tense, so a national verdict — "safe" or "not safe" — is meaningless.
  • Latin America dominates the top of the list: Venezuela (Valencia 82 vs Caracas 42), Brazil (Florianópolis 82 vs Rio de Janeiro 52), Ecuador (Cuenca 87 vs Guayaquil 57) and Mexico (Puebla 86 vs Tijuana 57) all hold a relaxed city and a hard one at once.
  • Rich countries are divided too. The United States spans a 35-point range — Maui at 92, Baltimore at 57 — a wider internal gap than any single European nation on the list.
  • Even famously easy destinations carry a spread: Italy runs from Bergamo (88) to Naples (69), Spain from Salamanca (88) to Cartagena (69), Australia from Newcastle (91) to Darwin (74).
  • The practical takeaway: a traveller should never book on a country's reputation. The safe city and the tense city are often a domestic flight apart, and the score that matters is the city's, not the flag's.

One flag, two very different trips

Travel advice is written at the level of the country — a single colour on a government map, a single line in a guidebook. But safety isn't distributed evenly inside a border. Kakapo scores individual cities, so we can measure something no country-level index can: the internal spread, the distance between a nation's safest major city and its least-safe one. When that gap is large, the country's reputation tells you almost nothing about the trip you'll actually have.

CountrySafest city (score)Least-safe city (score)Spread
South AfricaQueenstown 85Johannesburg 4144
VenezuelaValencia 82Caracas 4240
United StatesMaui 92Baltimore 5735
BrazilFlorianópolis 82Rio de Janeiro 5230
EcuadorCuenca 87Guayaquil 5730
MexicoPuebla 86Tijuana 5729
PhilippinesPalawan 83Manila 5825
IndiaShimla 82Delhi 5824
PeruPuno 73Lima 5320
ItalyBergamo 88Naples 6919
SpainSalamanca 88Cartagena 6919
Dominican RepublicSantiago de los Caballeros 80Santo Domingo 6119
CanadaHamilton 92Winnipeg 7418
AustraliaNewcastle 91Darwin 7417
How to read the spread: it's the safest major city's score minus the least-safe major city's score, both on Kakapo's 0–100 scale. A spread of 44 (South Africa) means the two cities sit almost half the entire scale apart — one comfortably safe, the other among the most cautious destinations we score.

Why the widest gaps cluster where they do

The pattern isn't random. The most divided countries tend to pair a large, economically strained metropolis — where crime, traffic and inequality concentrate — with a smaller regional city, a coastal town or a wealthier provincial capital that stays calm. Johannesburg against Queenstown, Caracas against Valencia, Rio against Florianópolis, Tijuana against Puebla: in each case the famous name at the bottom drags the country's reputation down, while the quieter city at the top is invisible to most travellers. The spread is really a story about how uneven a single country can be.

What to actually do about it

Treat the country name as a starting point, not a verdict. Before you book, look up the specific city's score — in the divided countries a single domestic flight can move you 30 or 40 points up or down the scale. It cuts both ways: a country with a fearsome reputation may hold a city that's calmer than where you live, and a country that feels "safe" on paper may hold a city that deserves real caution. The unit that matters is the city, and often the neighbourhood inside it.

How we measured it

We took every country in Kakapo's database with at least three scored major cities (population 100,000+, one row per city, boroughs of a larger city excluded), then computed each country's spread as its highest city safety score minus its lowest. Ranking by that spread surfaces the most internally divided countries. We use a population floor so the named cities are real, recognisable places rather than tiny geocoded outliers. Scores draw on national travel advisories, local crime data, healthcare infrastructure and night-safety measures; full weighting is at https://kakapo.travel/about/methodology. Scores are comparative model estimates, not official ratings.

Cite this study

Free to cite in journalism, research or content — all we ask is a link back. Copy the attribution below:

Ready-to-use citation
Kakapo Editorial Team (2026). The Divided Countries: Where Safety Swings Most From City to City. Kakapo. https://kakapo.travel/blog/divided-countries-2026

Writing a destination, risk or travel-safety story? We give journalists custom data pulls at no cost — the full spread table, a specific country's city-by-city breakdown, or the safest and least-safe city in any nation. Email [email protected] and we usually reply the same day.

Free to cite & embed

Republish the graphic below — the image links back here automatically. Or pull the raw numbers from the open dataset.

Kakapo publishes real safety scores for every destination, drawing on national travel advisories, local crime data, healthcare infrastructure, and night-safety measures. Kakapo Studies is our research imprint — independent editorial, no advertiser influence on scores. Contact: [email protected].